Determining the Thermal Expansion Coefficient of Liquids by Observing the Onset of Convection

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Abstract
The coefficient of thermal expansion of a fluid can be measured by determining the critical temperature difference for the onset of thermal convection in a fluid layer heated from below. This method is particularly useful for fluids of very low thermal expansion because its accuracy is independent of the magnitude of the thermal expansion. It is easily adapted to measurement at elevated pressures. Accuracy of 0.5% is obtainable with care.

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