Apparatus with permanent magnet flipper for magnetic circular dichroism absorption measurements

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Abstract
An apparatus with permanent magnet flipper was designed and constructed to study magnetic circular dichroism (MCD) of various magnetic materials. The permanent magnet flipper is similar to a single period of undulator magnets but has two holes to allow the incident light to go through. The maximum magnetic field at the sample position is 1.2 T and its direction is switched by a linear motion of the magnet flipper. It was mounted in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber equipped with a vacuum evaporation system and a sample holder cooled to liquid nitrogen temperature. The MCD signal of Ni in the 3p‐3d absorption region was successfully measured within an accuracy of 0.01%.