Three-dimensional velocity-selective coherent population trapping of (3+1)-level atoms

Abstract
An effect of one-dimensional velocity-selective coherent population trapping (CPT) is generalized to the case of three dimensions. The three-dimensional non-absorbing states are found for a (3+1)-level atom interacting with a field composed of six circular polarized waves propagating along the +or-0x, +or-0y, +or-0z directions. The possibility of three-dimensional superdeep cooling of atoms is discussed.