Hall Anomaly in the Superconducting State of High-TcCuprates: Universality in Doping Dependence

We have measured the flux flow Hall effect in the superconducting state of various high- $T_c$ superconductors (HTSC) from the underdoped to the overdoped regime. We show that the Hall sign is universal and is determined by the doping level; the sign is electronlike in the underdoped regime and holelike in the overdoped regime. This tendency contradicts the prediction of the time dependent Ginzburg-Landau equation based on the s-wave weak coupling theory, suggesting that such a theory fails to evaluate the Hall force acting on the vortices in HTSC. This discrepancy may be attributed to the novel electronic structure of the vortex in HTSC.