Reactive oxygen species impair Slo1 BK channel function by altering cysteine-mediated calcium sensing

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Abstract
Vascular dysfunction is a hallmark of many diseases, including coronary heart disease, stroke and diabetes. The underlying mechanisms of these disorders, which are intimately associated with inflammation and oxidative stress caused by excess reactive oxygen species (ROS), have remained elusive. Here we report that ROS are powerful inhibitors of vascular smooth muscle calcium-dependent Slo1 BK or Maxi-K potassium channels, an important physiological determinant of vascular tone. By targeting a cysteine residue near the Ca2+ bowl of the BK α subunit, H2O2 virtually eliminates physiological activation of the channel, with an inhibitory potency comparable to a knockout of the auxiliary subunit BK β1. These results reveal a molecular structural basis for the vascular dysfunction involving oxidative stress and provide a solid rationale for a potential use of BK openers in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disorders.