Conjugated Estrogens for the Management of Bleeding Associated with Renal Failure

Abstract
Bleeding is a major complication of uremia. Both cryoprecipitate and desmopressin effectively shorten the prolonged bleeding time and favorably influence clinical bleeding, but the former carries the risk of transmitting blood-borne infectious diseases, and both cryoprecipitate and desmopressin have a short duration of action. Preliminary evidence has suggested that estrogens may be useful, and we therefore performed a randomized, double-blind, crossover trial comparing the effect of conjugated estrogens with that of placebo on hemorrhagic tendencies and the bleeding time in six patients with uremia who were on maintenance hemodialysis.