SOIL AGE AND TEXTURE FACTORS IN SUBSOIL STRUCTURE GENESIS

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Abstract
Subsoil structure kinds in well-drained chestnut-chernozem transition-zone soils in South Dakota are related to the volume increase per unit of water absorbed by a dry clod and to the total volume change possible. These parameters are functions of texture. When they were respectively large or small, parallelepipeds or prisms form. Fine-textured parent materials develop parallelepipeds rapidly if coarse particles and organic matter are absent while prisms form if they are present or the texture is coarser. Blocks are formed by localized shear planes inside prisms or parallelepipeds. The subsoil structure changes with time if the content of coarse particles, clay, or organic matter also changes.

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