Pds1 phosphorylation in response to DNA damage is essential for its DNA damage checkpoint function

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Abstract
In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Pds1 is an anaphase inhibitor and plays an essential role in DNA damage and spindle checkpoint pathways. Pds1 is phosphorylated in response to DNA damage but not spindle disruption, indicating distinct mechanisms delaying anaphase entry. Phosphorylation of Pds1 is Mec1 and Chk1 dependent in vivo. Here, we show that Pds1 is phosphorylated at multiple sites in vivo in response to DNA damage by Chk1. Mutation of the Chk1 phosphorylation sites on Pds1 abolished most of its DNA damage–inducible phosphorylation and its checkpoint function, whereas its anaphase inhibitor functions and spindle checkpoint functions remain intact. Loss of Pds1 phosphorylation correlates with APC-dependent Pds1 destruction in response to DNA damage. We also show that APCCdc20 is active in preanaphase arrested cells after DNA damage. This suggests that Pds1 is stabilized by phosphorylation in response to DNA damage, but APCCdc20 activity is not altered. Our results indicate that phosphorylation of Pds1 by Chk1 is the key function of Chk1 required to prevent anaphase entry.