Atomic structure of a Gd(0001) surface

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Abstract
A low-energy electron-diffraction intensity analysis of a clean Gd(0001) surface finds that this surface is relaxed, with the first interlayer spacing contracted by 3.5±1.0% and the second interlayer spacing expanded by 2.0±1.0% with respect to the bulk spacing (2.89 Å). This result is in partial agreement with one and in strong disagreement with another theoretical result of first-principles calculations by other authors, but fits well in the norm of what is known about basal-plane surfaces of most hexagonal close-packed metals.