The Microstructure of ZnO Varistor Doped with Antimony Oxide

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Abstract
The effects produced by different valency and amount of antimony ions on the resulting microstructures of ZnO varistors were studied. From the observation of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the composition originally added with high valency of antimony ion had a larger grain size than that originally added with a low valency of antimony ion. Conversely, the composition originally added with a high valency of antimony ion possessed fewer intragrain particles than that originally added with a low valency of antimony ion. The spinel particle size and number of intragrain particles increased when the sintering temperature was raised. The compositions containing more antimony oxide can form more spinel phases, and result in an increase in grain growth kinetic exponent and activation energy as well as a decrease in grain size. These compositions have fewer intragrain particles and more spinel particles than those containing less antimony oxide.

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