The purported transition from avalanche to streamer breakdown

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Abstract
Much effort has been exerted for many years in studying the purported transition from Townsend, or avalanche, to photoionization streamer breakdown. Calculations made with the Townsend model including space charge show detailed agreement with the experimental measurements of the alleged transition in nitrogen made by Tholl. There no longer seems to be any reason to consider gas photoionization as a dominant process in the so-called streamer breakdown in plane parallel gaps, and the use of the word transition becomes purely semantic.

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