Endorhizal and Exorhizal Acetylene-reducing Activity in a Grass (Spartina alterniflora Loisel.)-Diazotroph Association

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Abstract
Earlier studies indicated that bacteria responsible for nitrogenase activity of some grasses are located inside the roots. Those studies were conducted with excised roots in which a long, unexplained “lag phase” occurred before initiation of nitrogenase activity. When hydroponically maintained Spartina alterniflora Loisel. was incubated in a two-compartment system with acetylene, ethylene was produced following, at most, a 2-hour lag in both the upper (shoot) and lower (roots + water) phases. Ethylene production in the upper phase not attributable to leaf-associated acetylene-reducing activity or to diffusion of ethylene from around the roots is considered to represent “endorhizal acetylene-reducing activity,” the internally produced ethylene diffusing into the upper phase via the lacunae. Ethylene produced in the lower phase is designated “exorhizal acetylene-reducing activity.” The endorhizal acetylene-reducing activity, in comparison to exorhizal activity, was relatively insensitive to additions of HgCl2, NH4Cl, or carbon sources to the lower phase. Post-lag acetylene-reducing activity of roots excised from plants growing in soil responded to additions in a manner similar to that of endorhizal acetylene-reducing activity, whereas post-lag acetylene-reducing activity of rhizosphere soil responded in a manner similar to that of exorhizal acetylene-reducing activity.