Prophylactic Efficacy of a Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus (HPV) Vaccine in Women with Virological Evidence of HPV Infection

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Abstract
Background. A quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, and 18) human papillomavirus (HPV) L1 virus-like-particle (VLP) vaccine has been shown to be 95%–100% effective in preventing cervical and genital disease related to HPV-6, -11, -16, and -18 in 16–26-year-old women naive for HPV vaccine types. Because most women in the general population are sexually active, some will have already been infected with ⩾1 HPV vaccine types at the time vaccination is offered. Here, we assessed whether such infected women are protected against disease caused by the remaining HPV vaccine types.