Does backscattering of 4He ions by nuclei obey the Rutherford cross-section formula?

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Abstract
Implicit in the use of nuclear backscattering as a quantitative analytic tool is the accuracy of calculating cross sections using a classical Coulombic scattering formula (Rutherford cross section) which includes recoil effects, but ignores spin, nuclear size, electron screening, hard‐sphere scattering, and any nuclear‐force effects. The Rutherford cross section has not previously been verified experimentally for ions of 4He (1–2.5 MeV) for targets of 16O, 27Al, and 28Si. For 14N, agreement has been found with an accuracy of about 5%. Our experimental results show that 27Al and 28Si have the Rutherford formula value (±1%), and 16O is Rutherford from 1.4 to 2.4 MeV. 14N appears to deviate by about 2% at energies from 1.2 to 2.2 MeV and by more beyond this energy band.