ANCA-associated renal vasculitis at the end of the twentieth century—a disease of older patients

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Abstract
Objective. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitides are increasingly recognized in older patients. However, it is unknown whether disease presentation and response to treatment differs from younger patients. We aimed to examine the presentation, response to treatment and outcome of patients over 65 yr of age compared with a younger cohort. Methods. This retrospective, single centre, sequential cohort study reports presenting features and outcome of 233 consecutive new patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis between 1990 and 2000. Results. The median age of all patients was 65 yr (range 16–90 yr). Older patients (>65 yr) presented with more severe renal involvement at presentation (P400 μmol/l), infection and low serum albumin. Leucopenia was associated with severe renal impairment (P = 0.0048) and increased risk of infection (P = 0.0006). Multivariate analysis determined that serum creatinine >400 μmol/l and age were independent risk factors for poor prognosis. Conclusion. ANCA-associated vasculitis occurs frequently in older patients and physicians should maintain a high index of suspicion. Older patients have a poorer prognosis due to more severe renal involvement and increased sensitivity to adverse effects of treatment. This study highlights the importance of careful dosing of cyclophosphamide: in those aged over 65 yr a 25% dose reduction is safe and reduces the risk of leucopenia. This study further highlights the importance of renal function on prognosis and the need for less toxic treatment regimens.