Molecular dynamics simulations of aqueous urea solutions: Study of dimer stability and solution structure, and calculation of the total nitrogen radial distribution function GN(r)

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Abstract
Molecular dynamics simulations have been performed in order to study the structure of two molal urea solutions in D2O. Several initial dimer configurations were considered for an adequate sampling of phase space. Eventually all of them appeared to be unstable, when system size and periodic boundary conditions are chosen properly, even after a very careful equilibration. The total nitrogen scattering function G(N)(r), calculated from these simulations, is in good agreement with neutron scattering experiments when both intra- and intermolecular correlations are considered and the experimental truncation ripples are introduced by a Fourier transform of G(N)(r) back and forth. The simple pair potential model that we used gives results in good agreement with experiments and with a much more involved potential model, recently described in the literature [J. Chem. Phys. 95, 8419 (1991)].