Abstract
Back pain affects nearly half of all adults during a given year, and about two thirds of adults have back pain at some time in their lives. It is the second leading reason for visits to physicians in the United States and the leading cause of work-related disability1. Unfortunately, the cause of back problems is often obscure, in part because symptoms, anatomical findings, and imaging results may be only loosely associated. Thus, up to 85 percent of patients with low back pain cannot be given a definitive diagnosis2. This diagnostic uncertainty contributes to the large number of fads . . .