An empirical approach to the treatment of multidrug-resistant ventilator-associated pneumonia.

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Abstract
There is a general consensus that antimicrobial resistance in the hospital setting has emerged as an important variable that influences patient outcomes and overall use of resources [1–3]. Hospitals worldwide are faced with increasingly rapid emergence and spread of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Antibiotic-resistant strains of both gram-negative bacilli and gram-positive bacteria are reported to be important causes of hospital-acquired infection, including ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) [4, 5]. In many cases, few antimicrobial agents remain available for effective treatment, particularly with regard to methicillin-resistant and vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative bacteria that produce extended-spectrum β-lactamases and that have resistance to multiple other antibiotics [6–8].

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