New Perspectives on Immigrant Adaptation

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Abstract
Perspectives on immigrant adaptation have evolved according to changes in the needs of the U.S. labor market and the nature of immigrant groups themselves. For over 50 years, explanations of acculturation and assimilation emphasized individualistic factors reflecting the stratification achieved by immigrants. More recent studies focus on changes in the U.S. economy and the mode of incorporation by immigrants. Immigrant adaptation depends less upon individual characteristics than whether they are incorporated into the primary, secondary, or enclave sectors of the economy.