Loudness of complex sounds as a function of the standard stimulus and the number of components

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Abstract
This study determined if the measured loudness level of a signal depends on the standard stimulus used and measured loudness as a function of the number of components in a wideband signal. The stimuli were a pure tone, tone complexes with frequency separations of 231 and 1592 Hz and noise bands with widths of 220 and 1592 Hz. The center frequency was 1 kHz and the loudness level was approximately 65 phons. Loudness matches between all combinations of stimuli showed that the measured loudness of the sounds did not depend on the standard stimulus used and the measured loudness level of a wide-band sound increased as a function of the number of components. Individual observers [human] were consistent in their loudness estimations; the greatest source of variability was among subjects. Additional measurements indicated that the rate at which loudness increased beyond the critical band appeared to be greater for noise bands than for 2 tone complexes.

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