Structural analysis of the flagellar apparatus and the scaly periplast in Chrysochromulina scutellum sp. nov. (Prymnesiophyceae, Haptophyta) from the Skagerrak and the Baltic

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Abstract
A new species of the marine nanoplankton, Chrysochromulina scutellum sp. nov., has been found in the Baltic and the Skagerrak close to Hirtshals from where it was isolated, Cells are saddle-shaped with two chloroplasts, The appendages are inserted ventrally and the coiling haptonema may extend for more than twice the length of the flagella, The scaly periplast is made of three different scale types, The underlayer comprises larger, elongate scales covering the cell surface throughout. Two scale types, in which each scale has a short central spine, are located outside these scales, One of the latter types shows an upright rim and this type is distributed over almost the entire cell. It is replaced in patches by the third type in which there is a slightly thickened margin, allowing overlapping of the scales, The flagellar apparatus has been examined in detail and is compared with other species of Chrysochromulina and with other haptophytes, Chrysochromulina scutellum is non-toxic to the brine shrimp Artemia.

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