Abstract
Mythology provided the earliest explanations of volcanoes and their eruptions. The Greeks linked volcanoes with giants, several of whom were giving a lot of trouble. So Zeus grabbed some mountains from the Earth and flung them on top of the giants to keep them quiet. Thus, eruptions of Vesuvius and Mount Etna were clearly the expressions of annoyance from the giants buried beneath. Another giant called Talos had melting feet and flung rocks at Jason and the Argonauts as they passed the volcanic island of Santorini. Japanese legends considered explosive eruptions to be a fight between giant serpents. Madame Pelée, the goddess of Kilaeua, was thought to be beautiful, but very easily upset. At the end of the 20th century, volcanoes continue to inspire, fascinate and sometimes terrify. There is now of course some scientific understanding of how volcanoes work, but there are many volcanic processes that still surprise and remain poorly understood.