An Investigation of Energy Losses in Steam-Turbine Elements by Impact-Traverse Static Test With Air at Subacoustic Velocities

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Abstract
Efficiency of any turbine stage depends upon many variables. Blade pitch, orientation, height, and velocity ratio among purely geometrical quantities, and effects attributable to compressibility and viscosity of the medium all deserve special consideration. Investigation of energy losses as functions of the key variables is accomplished statically on various forms of equipment among which the impact-traverse tester is considered an important type. The necessary and sufficient conditions to be satisfied by the static test, in order that it represent fully dynamic conditions are (a) the flow relative to the given static element must be at all points the same in magnitude and direction as it would be if the element were in uniform rotation relative to the flow in a turbine; (b) output of the element measured statically must differ from power only by the linear-velocity term eliminated by the static test. The apparatus, procedure, and results attained in meeting these test requirements are explained by the author.

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