Electron holography shows its resolve

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Abstract
The wave nature of free electrons was first proposed by Louis de Broglie 70 years ago, and demonstrated three years later in famous experiments by George Thomson, Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer. Thomson observed circular fringes caused by the interference of electron waves scattered by a thin metal foil, whilst Davisson and Germer used nickel crystals to diffract the electrons. Seishi Kikuchi also obtained electron diffraction patterns using single-crystal mica films. Later double-slit interference experiments allowed this wave-particle duality to be observed directly: electrons are always detected individually, but when their distribution is integrated over time, an interference pattern characteristic of wave behaviour results, even when there is only one electron in the apparatus at any time (figure 1).

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