Statistical mechanical theory of liquid entropy

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Abstract
The multiparticle correlation expansion for the entropy of a classical monatomic liquid is presented. This entropy expresses the physical picture in which there is no free particle motion, but, rather, each atom moves within a cage formed by its neighbors. The liquid expansion, including only pair correlations, gives an excellent account of the experimental entropy of most liquid metals, of liquid argon, and of the hard‐sphere liquid. The pair correlation entropy is well approximated by a universal function of temperature. Higher‐order correlation entropy, due to n‐particle irreducible correlations for n ≥ 3, is significant in only a few liquid metals, and its occurrence suggests the presence of n‐body forces. When the liquid theory is applied to the study of melting, we discover the important classification of normal and anomalous melting, according to whether there is not or is a significant change in the electronic structure upon melting, and we discover the universal disordering entropy for melting of a monatomic crystal. Interesting directions for future research are extension to include orientational correlations of molecules, theoretical calculation of the entropy of water, application to the entropy of the amorphous state, and correlational entropy of compressed argon. We clarify the relation among different entropy expansions in the recent literature. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

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