Turbulence structure of a boundary layer beneath a turbulent free stream

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Abstract
Measurements have been made in the turbulent boundary layer on a flat plate in the presence of grid-generated free-stream, turbulence with a wide range of lengthscales. The data include conditionally sampled averages in which free-stream fluid was distinguished from boundary-layer fluid by heating the latter. Free-stream turbulence increases the standard deviation of the hot–cold interface as a proportion of the boundary-layer thickness, whilst the average position is mainly dependent upon the lengthscale. The shear correlation coefficient of the boundary-layer fluid decreases, and it is shown that the change in structure is directly related to the fluctuating-strain rate.Transport velocities representing the diffusion of turbulent kinetic energy and shear stress have opposite signs in the boundary-layer fluid to those in the free-stream fluid, and it is shown that they are also related to the fluctuating-strain rate.Complete balances of turbulent kinetic energy and shear stress have been evaluated, dissipation and pressure–strain redistribution having been deduced by difference. The dissipation length scale is little affected by free-stream turbulence, whereas the corresponding parameter based on turbulent energy instead of shear stress is strongly affected.