Right Atrial‐ventricular Dissociation and Entrainment while Pacing from High Right Atrium and Coronary Sinus during Circus Movement Tachycardias

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Abstract
Thirteen patients with circus movement tachycardias [CMT] were studied. Twelve had left‐sided, and one, right‐sided, accessory pathways. Entrainment was possible during overdrive high right atrial stimulation in 13/13 patients, and during coronary sinus pacing in 10/12 patients. The minimal pacing rates required for this to occur were 10 to 31 beats/min faster than those of the tachycardias. Short episodes of right atrial‐ventricular dissociation occurred while pacing from the high right atrium [6/13 patients), but not from the coronary sinus (0/13 patients). It is possible to explain this phenomenon by postulating the existence of two distinct atrioventricular (AV) nodal inputs (one for right‐sided and the other for left‐sided impulses); it could also have been an expression of the close distance existing between the AV node and the coronary sinus. Entrainment, by defining a range of paring rates followed by resumption of the tachycardia upon the cessation of stimulation, indicated that faster rates were needed for the CMT to be interrupted. However, regardless of the pacing rate and pacing site, tachycardia termination occurred when an anterograde impulse was blocked at the. AV node. The information obtained from this study suggests that some patients with drug‐resistant CMT may benefit from pacing modes capable of terminating the arrhythmia “through entrainment” at the slowest atrial rate at which this is possible.