Thermodynamic Analysis of Electrochemical Cells Based on a Balance Matrix Theory

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Abstract
The aim of our research has been to investigate the equilibrium state of electrochemical systems: half cells, fuel cells, and secondary and primary batteries. The analysis presented here is based on the use of a balance matrix theory. The same type of idea has already been used in computer programs for chemical systems, but here it is extended to electrochemical systems. A discharge equation is introduced, with the aid of which the electrochemical cells can be studied at various degrees of discharge. A simple model for electrostatic energy is presented, which enables us also to calculate the charges of the electrodes in the equilibrium state. The advantage of the approach presented here and the motivation for the analysis is that it is easily applicable to computational purposes, even to complicated systems with many phases and also with irreversible constraints. A brief summary of a computer program based on this theory is presented, and the use of the program is illustrated by some examples.

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