Paranasal sinus mycoses in north India
- 1 September 1998
- Vol. 41 (7-8) , 281-286
- https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0507.1998.tb00339.x
Abstract
Summary. Recognizing the high incidence of paranasal sinus mycoses in north India, we analysed retrospectively the clinical, mycological and management aspects of 178 patients with proven disease attending our institute. On the basis of clinical, radiological, histopathological and mycological findings, the patients could be categorized into those with allergic (8), non‐invasive (92) and invasive (78) disease types. Bony erosion without mucosal invasion by fungi was seen in 16 patients with non‐invasive disease. Young men from rural areas were the most commonly affected. Rhinorrhoea with nasal polyposis (45.8%) and proptosis (46.4%) was the most common presentation. Concurrent involvement of the maxillary and ethmoid sinuses was common in these patients, whereas isolated sphenoid and frontal sinuses were involved in the invasive variety only. Orbital and intracranial extensions were detected in 100% and 13.2%, respectively, of patients with the invasive type of disease. Aspergillus flavus (79.7%) was the most common isolate. Surgical debridement and sinus ventilation were adequate for the effective management of the non‐invasive disease. However, adjuvant medical therapy was included in treatment of the semi‐invasive and invasive varieties of the disease. Itraconazole was found to be most useful in prevention of recurrence in the invasive type. Mortality was highest (33.3%) among patients with zygomycotic infection. Invasive fungal granuloma with orbital and intracranial invasion is a distinct entity in terms of its clinical course and treatment compared with non‐invasive fungal sinusitis, and it needs to be treated aggressively with surgical excision and postoperative itraconazole.Zusammenfassung. Es wurden 178 Fälle von Mykosen der Nasennebenhöhlen in Nordindien retrospektiv analysiert. Nach klinischen, radiologischen, histologischen und mykologischen Befunden konnten diese in allergische (8), nicht‐invasive (92) und Invasive (78) eingeteilt werden. Knochenerosion ohne Schlemhautinvasion durch Pilze wurde bei 16 Patienten mit nicht‐invasiver Mykose gesehen. Den größten Anteil der Patienten stellten junge Männer vom Lande. Rhinorrhoe mit Nasenpolyposis (45.8%) und Proptosis (46.4%) waren häufige Bilder. Gleichzeitige Beteiligung von Kiefern‐ und Siebbeinhöhle wurden nur bei invasiven Mykosen gefunden. Orbital‐ und Intrakranial‐beteiligung wurde zu 100% bzw. 13.2% bei Patienten des invasiven Typs gefunden. Aspergillus flavus (79.7%) war das häufigste Isolat. Für die nicht‐invasive Form genügte chirurgisches Debridement und Sinusventilation. Beim invasiven Mykosetyp war adjuvante Antimykotikatherapie notwendig; Itraconazol erwies sich als geeignet zur Rückfallprophylaxe. Die Mortalität war am höchsten bei Patienten mit Zygomyzeten‐Infektion (33.3%). Das invasive Pilzgranulom mit orbitaler und intrakranialer Invasion stellt, verglichen mit nicht‐invasiver Nebenhöhlenmykose, im klinischen Bild eine umschriebene Entität dar und muß aggressiv chirurgisch und antimykotisch therapiert werden.Keywords
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