Anemia is an independent risk for mortality after acute myocardial infarction in patients with and without diabetes

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Abstract
Introduction Anemia and diabetes are risk factors for short-term mortality following an acute myocardial infarction(AMI). Anemia is more prevalent in patients with diabetes. We performed a retrospective study to assess the impact of the combination of diabetes and anemia on post-myocardial infarction outcomes. Methods Data relating to all consecutive patients hospitalized with AMI was obtained from a population-based disease-specific registry. Patients were divided into 4 groups: diabetes and anemia (group A, n = 716), diabetes and no anemia (group B, n = 1894), no diabetes and anemia (group C, n = 869), and no diabetes and no anemia (group D, n = 3987). Mortality at 30 days and 31 days to 36 months were the main outcome measures. Results 30-day mortality was 32.3% in group A, 16.1% in group B, 21.5% in group C, 6.6% in group D (all p < 0.001). 31-day to 36-month mortality was 47.6% in group A, 20.8% in group B, 34.3% in group C, and 10.4% in group D (all p < 0.001). Diabetes and anemia remained independent risk factors for mortality with odds ratios of 1.61 (1.41–1.85, p < 0.001) and 1.59 (1.38–1.85, p < 0.001) respectively at 36 months. Cardiovascular death from 31-days to 36-months was 43.7% of deaths in group A, 54.1% in group B, 47.0% in group C, 50.8% group D (A vs B, p < 0.05). Interpretation Patients with both diabetes and anemia have a significantly higher mortality than those with either diabetes or anemia alone. Cardiovascular death remained the most likely cause of mortality in all groups.