Effect of Addition of Oil on the Toxicity to Plant Bugs of Derris and Other Insecticides

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Abstract
In laboratory tests the toxicity of derris, nicotine, nicotine sulfate and anabasine sulfate was markedly increased by addition of an oil emulsion, especially a peanut oil emulsion. Peanut oil, olive oil and teaseed oil were more effective against the squash bug, Anasa tristis than oil of petrolatum, corn, tung and soybean oil. Suspensions of powdered derris in water with the rotenone conc. of .01% were only slightly toxic to A. t. but when used with 1% peanut oil emulsion the toxicity was almost 100%. Freshly prepd. acetone extracts of derris were very effective with and without the oil emulsions. Derris extract in water and derris treated with acetone, used with 1% peanut oil were more toxic to A. t. than nicotine sulfate or free nicotine or anabasine sulfate used with 1% oil. Tests with some of these oils, as well as cottonseed and linseed oil were made, using the large milkweed bug, Oncopeltus jasciatus, as a test insect: peanut oil, oil of petrolatum, and olive oil were the most effective. Individual bugs were treated with measured doses of insecticides by means of a micro-pipette. A technique for handling and treating individual milkweed bugs is descr.

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