Limited regulation of somatodendritic dopamine release by voltage‐sensitive Ca2+channels contrasted with strong regulation of axonal dopamine release

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Abstract
The mechanism underlying somatodendritic release of dopamine (DA) appears to differ from that of axon‐terminal release. Specifically, somatodendritic DA release in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) persists in low extracellular Ca2+concentrations that are insufficient to support axonal release in striatum, suggesting that limited Ca2+entry is necessary to trigger somatodendritic release. Here, we compared the role of voltage‐dependent Ca2+channels in mediating DA release in striatum versus SNc using specific blockers of N‐, P/Q‐, T‐, R‐ and L‐type Ca2+channels individually and in combination. Release of DA evoked by a single stimulus pulse in the dorsal striatum and SNc of guinea‐pig brain slices was monitored in real time using carbon‐fiber microelectrodes with fast‐scan cyclic voltammetry. Single‐pulse evoked DA release was shown to be independent of regulation by concurrently released glutamate or GABA acting at ionotropic receptors in both regions. Under these conditions, striatal DA release was completely prevented by an N‐type channel blocker, ω‐conotoxin GVIA (100 nm), and was decreased by 75% by the P/Q‐type channel blocker ω‐agatoxin IVA (200 nm). Blockade of T‐type channels with Ni2+(100 µm) or R‐type channels with SNX‐482 (100 nm) decreased axonal release in striatum by 25%, whereas inhibition of L‐type channels with nifedipine (20 µm) had no effect. By contrast, none of these Ca2+‐channel blockers altered the amplitude of somatodendritic DA release in the SNc. Even a cocktail of all blockers tested did not alter release‐signal amplitude in the SNc, although the duration of the release response was curtailed. The limited involvement of voltage‐dependent Ca2+channels in somatodendritic DA release provides further evidence that minimal Ca2+entry is required to trigger the release process, compared with that required for axon‐terminal release.