Transgenic mice for studies of the renin–angiotensin system in hypertension

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Abstract
Hypertension is a polygenic and multi‐factorial disorder that is extremely prevalent in western societies, and thus has received a great deal of attention by the research community. The renin–angiotensin system has a strong impact on the control of blood pressure both in the short‐ and long‐term, making it one of the most extensively studied physiological systems. Nevertheless, despite decades of research, the specific mechanisms implicated in its action on blood pressure and electrolyte balance, as well as its integration with other cardiovascular pathways remains incomplete. The production of transgenic models either over‐expressing or knocking‐out specific components of the renin–angiotensin system has given us a better understanding of its role in the pathogenesis of hypertension. Moreover, our attention has recently been refocused on local tissue renin–angiotensin systems and their physiological effect on blood pressure and end‐organ damage. Herein, we will review studies using genetic manipulation of animals to determine the role of the endocrine and tissue renin–angiotensin system in hypertension. We will also discuss some untraditional approaches to target the renin–angiotensin system in the kidney.