Repair of triple helix directed psoralen adducts in human cells

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Abstract
Triple helix forming oligonucleotides can direct DNA damaging agents at specific sites in an intact double helix. In our study, triple helix formation was demonstrated in a SV40 based shuttle vector treated with psoralen linked to a 22-mer purine rich oligonucleotide. UVA irradiation caused a covalent linkage of the oligonucleotide through the psoralen to the mutational supF marker gene of the plasmid. After passage in the Jurkat human cell line the recovered vector was analysed in an indicator bacterial strain and mutants were collected. The presence of adducts in the target sequence did not reduce the yield of replicated progeny vector molecules, indicating repair of triple helix associated monoadducts and cross-links. Mutations were highly targeted to a six nucleotide long region of the target sequence. The number of target sequence mutants obtained after triple helix directed psoralen treatment was approximately 160 times higher than with free psoralen. A further investigation of the exact mechanism of the mutational process could make triple helix directed mutagenesis a more useful tool in gene therapy, antiviral therapy, and in studies on DNA repair and genome organisation.