Annihilation Instability in Hard Superconductors

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Abstract
Mutual annihilation between neighboring fluxoids of opposite flux direction is proposed as an origin for some instabilities in hard superconductors. The presence of a reversal of the direction of magnetic induction within the superconductor is recognized as a necessary condition for the annihilation instability, and the boundaries of the region of instability can be calculated from critical-state concepts. Specimens of coldworked niobium-zirconium alloys were found to display a region of instabilities with boundaries and characteristics expected of the annihilation instability.