Immunocytochemical investigations of muscle differentiation in the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus: Teleostei)

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Abstract
The myotomes in yolk-sac larvae of the Atlantic herring (Clupea harengus: Teleostei) contain a single layer of small-diameter superficial muscle fibres surrounding an inner mass of around 280 larger-diameter muscle fibres. The fraction of muscle fibre volume occupied by mitochondria is dependent on temperature, and in larvae reared at 8°C was 41% for the superficial fibres, and 25% for the inner muscle fibres. The inner muscle fibres of larvae share some myofibrillar proteins with adult white muscle, but contain unique isoforms of myosin heavy chains, troponin T, troponin I and myosin light chain 2. A monoclonal antibody has been produced which is specific to myosin light chain 3 (MLC3). Immunocytochemical studies have shown that the expression of MLC3 is switched off in the superficial muscle fibres at the start of metamorphosis when larvae reach 28–30 mm total length (TL). Metamorphosis to the juvenile stage is complete in fish 35–40 mm TL and is also associated with the development of gill filaments and the production of presumptive slow muscle fibres which form externally to the larval superficial muscle fibres in the region of the lateral line nerve.