RESPIRATORY VIRUS VACCINES .I. RESPIRATORY SYNCYTIAL AND PARAINFLUENZA VIRUS VACCINES

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Abstract
Partially purified concentrated formalin-killed vaccines were prepared from respiratory syncytial (RS) virus and paralnfluenza 1, 2, and 3 viruses, grown in renal cell cultures of grlvet monkey kidney. The RS vaccine was monovalent and the parainfluenza 1, 2 and 3 vaccine was a combined trivalent material. Vaccines tested included aqueous preparations and materials incorporated with alum or an emulsified peanut oil adjuvant (adjuvant 65). Serum neutralizing and hemagglutlnation-inhibiting antibody responses were measured in guinea pigs, grivet monkeys, and in human subjects following one two and 3 doses of the various vaccine formulations. Antigenicity of the various vaccines was established. Guinea pigs generally responded better serologlcally than monkeys, but the monkeys gave better demonstration of the enhancing effect of alum or mineral oil adjuvants. The great majority of human subjects responded serologically following 2 or 3 doses of vaccines, especially those who were without detectable antibody prior to vaccination. Best overall results were obtained with the alum formulations; viral antigen amounts and bleeding time for the adjuvant 65 preparations were probably not optimal. The degree of immunologlc enhancement brought about by the adjuvant will be ascertained in tests of later blood samples. No local or systemic reactions of clinical consequence were noted in any of the subjects who were given the vaccines. The findings were generally regarded as promising, and studies to evaluate the protective efficacy of alum formulations appear justified.