A protocol for prevention of radiographic contrast nephropathy during percutaneous coronary intervention: Effect of selective dopamine receptor agonist fenoldopam

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Abstract
Radiographic contrast nephropathy (RCN), acute worsening of renal function due to contrast agents, can occur in 15%–40% of patients with baseline renal dysfunction undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and is associated with increased morbidity and in‐hospital mortality. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the selective dopamine‐1 (DA‐1) receptor agonist fenoldopam would be beneficial in patients with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) undergoing PCI and also to design a protocol for prevention of RCN. We analyzed 150 consecutive patients with CRI [baseline serum creatinine (BSCr) ≥ 1.5% mg] who underwent PCI and received fenoldopam during and after the procedure, in addition to saline hydration. RCN, defined as > 25% increase of BSCr 48–72 hr after PCI, occurred in 4.7% (n = 7) of 150 PCI patients receiving fenoldopam and 3.5% in diabetics (n = 85) vs. 6.1% in nondiabetics (n = 65; P = NS). No patients required dialysis. The observed 4.7% incidence of RCN with fenoldopam was significantly lower than 18.8% incidence in the historical control group (P < 0.001). Our data suggest that fenoldopam is a useful adjunct in the prevention of RCN during PCI, especially in diabetics. Cathet Cardiovasc Intervent 2002;55:169–173.