Mast Cells, Tissue Histamine and Eosinophils in Early- and Late-Phase Skin Reactions: Effects of a Single Dose of Prednisolone

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Abstract
Skin prick tests with allergen and histamine were performed on the volar aspect of the forearms in a double-blind, cross-over study with 40 mg of prednisolone and placebo in 16 pollen-allergic subjects. Skin biopsies were taken before any treatment and 15 min (group 1; n = 8) and 6 h (group 2; n =8) after local challenge with allergen, corresponding to the timing of an early- and late-phase reaction. The specimens were used for the histological evaluation of mast cell and eosinophil density as well as for the determination of the histamine and protein content. The size of the induced weal and flare area as well as of any late-phase reaction was determined using digitized planimetry. The single dose of prednisolone, given 2 h prior to challenge, did not affect the size of the weal and flare response. Only 4 of the individuals developed a visible late-phase response. Eosinophils were virtually absent before allergen exposure, but were already present 15 min after allergen challenge, largely associated with the blood vessels, and were numerous at 6 h. There was, however, no relationship between eosinophil density and the presence or extent of any visual late phase. The mast cells/basophils showed a tendency to increase at the 6-hour determination. The infiltration of eosinophils was blocked by the glucocorticoid. This treatment also induced a difference in the mast cell density at the 6-hour determinations, associated with a similar difference in the histamine content of the biopsy specimens. From the present study, we can conclude that the eosinophil infiltration is an early event and can be blocked by a single dose of prednisolone only 2 h after the administration of the glucocorticoid.

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