Production of deeply-bound pionic atoms

Abstract
Deeply-bound pionic atoms in heavy nuclei constitute a new family of Gamow-Teller resonance states which are located just below the pion emission threshold. Since they are not populated by pionic x-ray cascades, special nuclear reactions (pion-transfer reactions) have been proposed. Particularly interesting are (n, d) and (d, 3He) reactions on 208Pb Theoretical studies as well as experimental programs are described.