Transparent storage layers for H+and Li+ions prepared by sol-gel technique

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Abstract
Thin layers of mixed oxides CeO2 - TiO2 and CeO2 - ZrO2 with molar ratio 1:1 have been prepared by sol-gel process using the dip-coating technique. The precursor sols consist of a mixture of nitrate ammonium cerium salt [Ce(NH4)2 (NO3)6], zirconium propoxide or tetraisopropyl orthotitanate, and ethanol. The thickness of the multilayer films is typically 300 nm after densification at 450 degree(s)C. Their use as transparent H+ and Li+ ions storage electrode (counter electrode) for electrochromic devices is studied by electrochemical voltammetry, impedance, and optical spectroscopies. They typically have an optical transmission of 80% in the visible range, do not color after ions insertion, and show good electrochemical stability. These layers also have been tested in complete, all solid state cell having the configuration glass/ITO/EC/electrolyte/CeO2 - TiO2/ITO/glass. The electrochromic layer (EC) was either WO3 or polytoluidine. The protonic electrolyte was a cellulose-polyacetate polymer and the lithium electrolyte was PEO-LiN(SO2CF3)2. Their electrochemical, optical, and lifetime performances are reported.

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