The Abstinence Phobias: Links between Substance Abuse and Anxiety

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Abstract
A new model is presented to explain the observed relationship between anxiety and substance abuse. The concept of abstinence phobias, common across psychoactive substances, is developed. Evidence needed to support this concept is outlined and relevant data from studies of opiate, alcohol and tobacco dependencies are reviewed. Parallel data obtained from the treatment of obesity are discussed. The abstinence phobia merits further study; clinical implications are also considered.

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