Induced gynogenesis in the rainbow trout: Sex and survival of progenies production of all-triploid populations

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Abstract
Gynogenesis could be an efficient way for producing inbred lines in commercial fish species. Gamma-irradiation of sperm gives haploid embryos that all die without hatching; in the present study, we optimized heat treatment of the eggs, in order to produce high rates of diploid gynogenetics. When the eggs are heated to 26 °C for 20 min after 25 min of development, 80% of the embryos hatch, and all the resulting fry are diploid; nevertheless, high mortalities are recorded until feeding start. The monosex female constitution of gynogenetic offspring confirms the female homogamety in the rainbow trout. When the eggs are treated with the same heat shock 25 min after a fertilization with functional sperm, alltriploid populations are obtained; their survival until feeding start is not different from the control.