The composition and paragenesis of the biotites of the Carsphairn igneous complex

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Abstract
The Cairnsmore of Carsphalrn igneous complex (1) is the smallest of the larger Caledonian intrusions of the Southern Uplands of Scotland. The intrusion is composite, consisting of a central granite, followed by successive zones of granite-tonalite hybrid, tonalite, and basic hybrids. The complex began with the intrusion of a gabbro. When this was crystallized, but still at a high temperature, the tonalite was emplaced. This intrusion of tonalite produced a series of hornblende-hybrids. The hybridization of the original gabbro attendant on the injection of the tonalite is the result of a 'partial magma' of potash-felspar, quartz, and volatiles. The final intrusion of granite took place while the tonalite was still incompletely crystallized, and resulted in the formation of a zone of acid hybrid rocks. The three biotites that have been analysed occur in the granite, tonalite, and hornblende-hybrid respectively.

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