SEASONAL ADJUSTMENTS IN CAPTURED WILD NORWAY RATS: II. SURVIVAL TIME, PELT INSULATION, SHIVERING, AND METABOLIC AND PRESSOR RESPONSES TO NORADRENALINE

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Abstract
During the winter, wild rats (Rattus norwegicus) develop metabolic adjustments similar to those found in the white rats acclimated to cold in the laboratory. The rate of shivering found in the winter-captured wild rats is lower than that found in the summer-captured rats, indicating the presence of non-shivering thermogenesis. The metabolic response to noradrenaline is enhanced suggesting that non-shivering metabolism in these wild rats, as in the case of white rats, is mediated by noradrenaline. Unlike white rats acclimated to a constant cold temperature in the laboratory, but like white rats acclimatized to cold by group exposure to outdoor winter conditions, wild rats develop a greater pelt insulation in winter.