Formal Status and Vegetational Development of the Eemian Interglacial in Northwestern and Southern Europe

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Abstract
The terms Eem and Eemian have been applied to lithostratigraphic, chronostratigraphic, and biostratigraphic aspects of the last interglacial in western Europe. Eemian vegetational successions show strong uniformity at sites from western France across the North European Plain to Poland, suggesting, by comparison with the Holocene, that major pollen zones are broadly synchronous. South of the Alps and Pyrenees, a different vegetational succession is observed with no evidence for a substage of post-temperate cooling.