Structure of proline 3‐hydroxylase

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Abstract
Iron (II)/2-oxoglutarate (2-OG)-dependent oxygenases catalyse oxidative reactions in a range of metabolic processes including the hydroxylation of proline and lysine residues during the post-translational modification of collagen. 2-OG oxygenases commonly require ascorbate for full activity. In the vitamin C deficient disease, scurvy, reduced activity of 2-OG oxygenases results in impaired formation of collagen. Here we report the crystal structure of bacterial proline 3-hydroxylase from Streptomyces sp., an enzyme which hydroxylates proline at position 3, the first of a 2-OG oxygenase catalysing oxidation of a free α-amino acid. Structures were obtained for the enzyme in the absence of iron (to 2.3Å resolution, R=20.2%, Rfree=25.3%) and that complexed to iron (II) (to 2.4Å resolution, R=19.8%, Rfree=22.6%). The structure contains conserved motifs present in other 2-OG oxygenases including a ‘jelly roll’β strand core and residues binding iron and 2-oxoglutarate, consistent with divergent evolution within the extended family. The structure differs significantly from many other 2-OG oxygenases in possessing a discrete C-terminal helical domain. Analysis of the structure suggests a model for proline binding and a mechanism for uncoupling of proline and 2-OG turnover.