Modeling of nonlinear piezoceramics for structural actuation

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Abstract
An ab initio model describing the nonlinear behaviors of polycrystalline piezoceramics during polarization reversal is proposed. The model is based on a description of polarization reversal behaviors of a single piezoelectric crystallite in a piezoceramic. The polarization of the single crystallite can be switched among the six allowable directions in the lattice if the work done by the external electrical and/or mechanical loads exceeds the internal energy barriers. The piezoceramic is then modeled as an aggregate of these crystallites rotated into random orientations. The macroscopic responses of the piezoceramic were calculated in two ways. The first method is to calculate the average crystallite response in global coordinates. The second is to use Taylor expansions of the macroscopic strain and electrical displacement in terms of external loads and the internal alignment of the crystallites. Finally, the experimental results from free and clamped PZT wafers were compared with the model predictions.

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