The Nature and Functions of the Intervertebral Discs

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Abstract
1. The view that the nucleus pulposus possesses the property of turgor or power of expansion is entirely without foundation and is contrary to the fundaments of science. 2. The term “elastic” can only be applied to the nucleus in a very limited sense, that the shape of the nucleus is capable of deformation and recovery. 3. The existence of the nucleus enables pressure to be transmitted evenly from the lower surface of one vertebra to the upper surface of the next. 4. The nucleus does not act as a cushion by being flattened by a vertical force. 5. The real cushion action is due to the passive distortion of the nucleus, which, by permitting bending of the spine, enables the muscles to bear the brunt of all strains. 6. Physiologically the essence of the intervertebral joint is the mobility of the nucleus, together with the tonus of the capsule which keeps the nucleus under tension. This tonus is a fundamental property of contractile tissues which enable them to exert tension which is independent of the length of the fibres. 7. There is no evidence that the assumption of the erect attitude imposes and additional strain on the spine, or that the spine has failed to play its part in the struggle for existence.

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