Theory of ground state correlations of closed shell nuclei: A density-matrix formulation

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Abstract
A general theory of long range correlations in the ground state of a closed shell nucleus is outlined, using a number of ideas introduced or adumbrated, but not always successfully developed, in previous work of the authors and others. These include the following: (i) Any operator can be formally expressed as a series in particle‐hole (p‐h) excitation and destruction operators which should converge rapidly for a suitable choice of single‐particle basis at the closed shells. By means of these relations and with the help of sum rules all observables can be computed without the explicit use of wave functions. (ii) For a fixed choice of single‐particle basis, the ground state energy can be computed from a variational principle in which in lowest nontrivial approximation, in consequence of (i), the parameters are amplitudes of the same type as occur in the random phase approximation (RPA). The precise relation to RPA is fully detailed. (iii) The single particle basis chosen is the natural orbital basis of Lowdin, which presents itself as the obvious choice both for formulation of the dynamics and for the algorithm of solution. (iv) Though the theory deals with pairs of fermion operators, particular attention is paid that all Pauli principle restrictions are satisfied. (v) It is verified that in the perturbation limit, known results are reproduced. The method is generally applicable to any system for which the correlations can be viewed as particle‐hole excitations with respect to a reference Slater determinant.